Analysing enterprise operations(individual case study report) Essay - 1

Dissecting endeavor operations(individual contextual investigation report) - Essay Example This report examinations the progression of tasks or procedures utilizing stream outline of a person that is intending to go for excursions to Athens from Birmingham. Moreover, the report distinguishes the key issues that could impact the outing of the person just as recognizing bottlenecks that could impact the procedure. Toward the finish of the report, suggestions have been given. This report is utilized to show how stream outline can be useful in consistently to day tasks and choices that an individual makes. As the report has been readied utilizing an instance of an individual going for get-aways from Birmingham to Athens along these lines the primary points and destinations of the report are: Issues in any procedures can end the speed and fruitful achievement of that procedure. Hence recognizable proof of key issues is essential to ensure that the goal is accomplished. The key issues that have been recognized are: There are sure procedures in various things whatever an individual or any association do which can stop the general procedure and until this procedure or step isn't fathomed, the activities can't proceed. These means or blockages are known as the ‘Bottlenecks’ (Schonberger, and Knod, 1991). The bottlenecks can stop or end the procedure or activities and consequently it is significant for anybody utilizing stream graph to recognize bottlenecks and attempt to diminish the effect of these bottlenecks with the goal that the progression of the tasks is fine. Bottlenecks are essentially the blockages that can hurt the stream and in this manner can expand the general time of the tasks than assessed (Schemenner, 1984). Bottlenecks during the time spent get-away to Athens are finding the perfect chance to go for get-aways as this could end the general procedure. For example, in the event that the individual is a worker, at that point he would need to get the endorsement of the business for occasions and afterward conclude the dates of the outing. Also, other bottleneck of the procedure is of

Container Shipping Market Essay Example for Free

Holder Shipping Market Essay Savannah and Port Everglades to their joint Europe-Ecuador administration to cover the Europe-South US East Coast showcase. The administration will keep on calling at the Balboa center in the two headings to permit transhipment to different ports on the West Coast of South America. The revolution will be extended to seven weeks, utilizing 7 x 4,1324,872 TEU Panamaxes with high reefer limit. SITC has submitted a request for two 1,800 TEU containerships, with alternatives for six more, from Taiwanese shipyard CSBC. This is the shipbuilder’s first request from a terrain Chinese organization for over 20 years. The firm vessels are valued at $23m each, and are booked for conveyance in late 2014. Page 2 Licensed to The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Circulation is limited; if you don't mind make sure to recognize the source. http://www. clarksons. net 12/05/2013 09:20:16 15304 M TEU 1. 25 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-12 Jan-13 According to the Shanghai Containerised Freight Index, spot rates for boxes delivered from Shanghai to Europe tumbled to th $940/TEU on the 12 April, their most minimal level since February a year ago and a 34% fall since mid-March, as the ains made by the last round of general rate increments demonstrated fleeting. Because of this market shortcoming, various transporters including Maersk Line and Hapag-Lloyd have deferred a second round of rate increments initially planned for mid-April. They will presently be actualized during May. Somewhere else, cargo rates for boxes sent from Shanghai toward the West Coast of America remained at $2,226/FEU, 3% underneath the entire year 2012 normal, and 11% beneath the January 2013 pinnacle of $2,520/FEU. Clarkson Research Services Striking dockworkers at the Kwai Tsing Container Terminals in the port of Hong Kong made noteworthy interruption countless liner administrations. Vessels confronted 2-multi day berthing delays, while more than 100,000 TEU of freight was supposedly stuck on the quayside. Significant transporters dropped calls and occupied boats to other Pearl River ports, for example, Chiwan and Shekou, with shippers compelled to tranship inbound payload back to Hong Kong on Feeder vessels. March’s holder throughput of 1. 88m TEU at the port spoke to a 8. 6% y-o-y decline, yet the strike disturbance is probably going to influence April’s box taking care of volumes much more harshly. Maersk Line is to build the limit of its India-Middle EastUS East Coast administration with the substitution of 7 x 4,800 Panamax vessels with eight boats of 6,500 TEU the administration turning in eight instead of seven weeks. An extra call at Algeciras will be made in the two bearings, while there will likewise be a level of further moderate steaming. The recently sent vessels are required to be reflagged to the US banner all together MSC is to dispatch a Far East-East Coast South America administration utilizing 11 x 3,000-5,000 TEU ships. The vessels incorporate various Panamaxes allegedly contracted in at exceptionally low rates. The multi week turn will remember a call for Port Elizabeth on the arrival leg with the primary cruising is planned from Shanghai on the th 18 April. UASC is to enter the Far East-West Coast North America exchange just because in the wake of consenting to collaborate with CSCL on three separate Transpacific administrations. The Kuwaitheadquartered transporter will give two Panamaxes to an assistance that brings in Seattle and Vancouver, and three for a Nansha-Los Angeles administration. Inactive Containership Fleet 12% 9% 6% 3% 0% Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 % of complete armada limit, TEU Source: CRSL, AXS Authorized to The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Appropriation is confined; if it's not too much trouble make sure to recognize the source. http://www. clarksons. net 12/05/2013 09:20:16 15304 According to information announced by Alphaliner, the all out containership limit in lay-up arrived at 0. 83m TEU on th 25 March, with 269 vessels sitting inactive. This is identical to 5. 1% of the armada as far as limit. Over Q1 2013 the extent of complete limit in lay-up changed between 4. 6% and 5. 3%, while across entire year 2012 a normal of 4. 1% of limit was inactive. Energetically extending purchaser request in rising economies ought to advance solid improvement of North-South exchanges, which are anticipated to develop by 6. 0% this year. In the interim, intra-provincial exchange is relied upon to develop by 7. 6% in entire year 2013, with intra-Asian exchange development remaining the powerhouse. Worldwide holder able gracefully development is relied upon to be extensively in offset with worldwide interest development in 2013. Bearers will keep on hosing genuine running limit development on the mainlanes with an end goal to help cargo rates. Dealing with the limit course will remain rucial in deciding exchange path flexibly, while further moderate steaming may keep on engrossing a portion of the limit development. Nonetheless, the volume of inert tonnage is probably going to keep on supress profit in the sanction showcase. In the interim, destruction stays at raised levels. Related to the scarcity of requesting, this quick pace of rejecting has brought about a contracting armada in the littler size areas. Generally, while flexibly development may quicken marginally this year, the orderbook plan for 2014+ conveyance despite everything looks moderately slight.

Classes Spring 07

Classes Spring 07 Heres what Im taking this term: 21L.471: Major English Novels Description: Studies important examples of the literary form that, between the beginning of the 18th century and the end of the 19th century, became an indispensable instrument for representing modern life, in the hands of such writers as Defoe, Richardson, Fielding, Sterne, Burney, Austen, Scott, Dickens, the Brontës, Eliot, Hardy, and Conrad. The class alternates between 18th and 19th century topics, and may be repeated for credit with instructors permission. Professor: Ina Lipkowitz format: two 1.5 hour lectures a week (~20 people, discussion class) fun fact: Professor Lipkowitz delayed her trip to the hospital to give birth because she was so engrossed in reading George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans) reading list: Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe Evelina by Frances Burney Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Mary Barton by Elizabeth Gaskell Adam Bede by George Eliot Lady Audleys Secret by Mary Elizabeth Braddon Tess of the DUrbervilles by Thomas Hardy Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf 21W.755 Writing and Reading Short Stories Description: Introduction to the short story. Students write stories and short descriptive sketches. Readings from European and American stories from the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Class discussion of students writing and of the assigned stories in their historical and social contexts. Professor: Junot Diaz (wikipedia bio) format: two 1.5 hour lectures a week (~20 people, workshopping class) fun fact: Diaz’s 1996 book [Drown], a collection of coming-of-age short stories set both in Santo Domingo and New Jersey, caused a literary sensation. Twenty-seven-years-old when it was published, the young author was heralded as one of Newsweek’s “New Faces of 1996” and has since garnered a PEN/Malamud Award for short fiction (2002), a Lila Wallace-Reader’s Digest Writers Award (2000), the Pushcart Prize, and the MIT Eugene McDermott Award (1998), among others. The New Yorker, Paris Review, Glimmer Train, and Best American Fiction, 1996, 1997, 1999 and 2000 all have featured his stories. (Spectrum Fall 2003) reading list: A mix of our own writing, our peers writing, and published short stories. We began with Girl by Jamaica Kincaid, which first appeared in The New Yorker in 1978. You can read the 650-word story (which I LOVED) in its entirety here 21L.702 Studies in Fiction Description: Intensive study of a range of texts by a single author or by a limited group of authors whose achievements are mutually illuminating. Some attention to narrative theory, and biographical and cultural backgrounds. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication. Previously taught topics include Stowe, Twain, and the Transformation of 19th century America. Professor: James Buzard, head of the Lit Dept (MIT bio) format: two 1.5 hour lectures a week (~15 people, discussion class) fun fact: Professor Buzard is using parts of our class discussion as research for a follow-up to his 2005 book Disorienting Fiction: The Autoethnographic Work of Nineteenth-Century British Novels. reading list: Dubliners by James Joyce A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce Ulysses by James Joyce (Yeaahhh. Image courtesy of amazon.com) Besides my first semester freshman year, this is my only semester at MIT without any economics classes. This is both exciting and sad I am head-over-heels in love with all 3 of the classes I am taking this term, but miss the thrill of constrained optimization. Its a nice change to be reading and writing so much, but we analyze these works in such depth that my homework is definitely as intense and rigorous as a problem set.

Visual Aspects of Nike - 908 Words

Visual Aspects of Nike Prior to the 2012 London Olympics, Nike launched the Find your Greatness campaign, which supports a new generation of young athletes who overcome social conflicts like: race, disabilities, and dilemmas to immerse themselves as athletes. In a series of ads, Nike presents us with their spiel, greatness is not given to prodigies, we are all capable of it, which relies on the premise that everyone is capable of construing greatness to fit their own capabilities(Nike). By exemplifying Nikes uplifting confidence in those who overcome societal conflicts, the viewers are exposed to ideological strategies such as: appealing to specific viewers through the utilization of social conflicts(disabilities, race, class) and presenting solutions(hard-work) to propitiate the conflict. The campaign consists of several strategically thought-out ads that capture inspiration and motivation, through visual appeal. Appealing to the public through images encompasses the idea of follo wing the publics ideology- by alluding society through size, disabilities, and societal beliefs. Take for example, the Find your Greatness baseball advertisement. This image utilizes an abysmal societal belief: physically handicap individuals should be refrained from participating in sports to prevent further harm. Moreover, Nike urges aspiring athletes, by subtly stating, in the world of sports there are no constraints (Nike). The Baseball ad contains various features that areShow MoreRelatedMy Thanks to Professor Payte835 Words   |  4 Pagesthis course, I learned that these aspects are priorities in developing a robust essay. During progression two, which was extremely difficult, I collaborated with a group of classmates to produce a video presentation on visual rhetoric and how visualization, society, social culture, and economic status are used to attract viewers/buyers. Without a doubt, I was absolutely clueless on the topic of visual rhetoric. Despite my confusion, I found a way to understand visual rhetoric by relying on my groupRead MoreNike s Quest For Success1525 Words   |  7 Pagesfor doing so. Nike launched their â€Å"Find Your Greatness† ad campaign during the 2012 Olympics in London; however, they chose not to focus on the Olympic athletes. They share stories of everyday athletes to show that greatness is not just for the top athletes and superstars, but also everyday people. The campaign grew to a new level once #findgreatness started trending on Twitter. Athletes all around the world were sharing their stories about finding greatness using this hashtag. Nike uses TV and webRead MoreCreating A Good And Memorable Logo1299 Words   |  6 Pagesof meetings, with panels of people, with all different preferences and hopeful intentions—who knew all these different aspects went into creating a logo? The final product of these steps, however, is a logo that is made up of an enduring, memorable, and meaningful design, an intentional and stimulating arrangement, and possibly a psychological reasoning for choosing these aspects. Creating a good and memorable logo must first start with a new and interesting idea for a logo. Preferably the logo shouldRead MoreLogo Designs: Faulty When Ugly Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesMajority of businesses today find it reasonable to represent themselves with a logo, that in which speaks for their company or foundation as a whole in its entirety. Its use has gained importance within social media, substantially. The most important aspect of a company’s platform should be the concern within the creation of the logo design because it is the standing point of a first impression, symbolizes identity, as well contributes to the appeal factor a business has amongst the masses. If attentionRead MoreEffects of Sports Stars in Advertising1250 Words   |  5 Pagesongoing of Mr. Jordans marketing efforts is Nikes Jordan Brand, created two years ago. Last year, the separate Nike division grew to $300 million, and Mr. Jordan says he wants to increase revenue to $1 billion soon † (Friedman). Time passing, Jordan is not the only one who dominate such kind of market. Following him, LeBron James, who have established an advertising company deals with Nike, Coca-Cola, Bubblicious, Upper Deck trading cards, and Microsoft, is planning to turn Mr. James into a globalRead MoreEuropean Advertising vs. American Advertising Essays872 Words   |  4 Pages------------------------------------------------- European Advertising vs. American Advertising ------------------------------------------------- Research Paper ARS 230 The main aspect of advertising is to ‘get more bang for the buck’, to make it aesthetically pleasing to the eye and gain the viewer’s attention. Throughout the years, advertising has varied in many ways from catchy slogans to iconic logos. Some may say there is nothing wrong with a little healthy competition, but what if oneRead More Media Affects on the Self- image of Women Essay916 Words   |  4 Pagesglance at this article, you might say to yourself â€Å"I know what women in the media is about, its stereotypes and sexism.† What you probably don’t know is that however subtle, these visual cues are affecting women individually and collectively, in how they view themselves and other women. Relationships are a fundamental aspect of women’s behaviorism and advertising exploits this. It turns people into objects and offers products as a replacement for human contact, producing serious affects on the self-Read MoreEssay On Graphic Design1133 Words   |  5 PagesGraphic design, also known as communication design, is the practice of planning and displaying ideas and experiences with visual and textual content. Graphic design can be physical in nature, like designing posters, flyers, billboards, postage stamps, or any other physical visual form of design. Graphic design can also be digital like creating a virtual design for blogs, websites, online advertisements, and so on. Digital design also has a multitude of purposes such as commercial, professional, educationRead MoreBusiness Consultants With Experience Helping 3rd World Banks Become Successful1236 Words   |  5 Pagesspecific skill set. The main communication objective is to get qualified consultants to contact the Bank of Industry (BOI) at the provided address so the bank can interview them and fill the position. However, the message strategy is muddled, as many aspects of this ad are. Their competitive frame of reference is relatively unestablished. There may be an obscure point of difference since the BOI has received a line of credit from The African Development Bank, but there is no clear effort to differentiateRead MoreAncient Greece : The Greatest Civilization Of The Ancient World Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesperpetual visual evidence of their military spiritual superiority.† Although the Greek temples were for public function, entering the buildings was reserved for selected individuals and priests. Also, the Acropolis was the central point of the Panathenaia festival occurred every four years on Athena’s birthday, pilgrims gathered outside the Dipylon gate and form a procession that moved along the street called Dromos, through out the agora and up onto the Acropolis. Another characteristic aspect of this

The Truth Behind Canine Intelligence - 821 Words

Proposal Jose Herrera College of DuPage English 1102 Racheal Basse Spring 2017 Abstract Are canines intelligent? This paper goes over the history of canines and how they originated to become what they are in today. As well as how the relate to other species and the difference between their social cognition. Lastly, the relationship they have with humans and about the benefits of canine social cognitive research. This paper proves that canines are intelligent. Despite all the negative comments that has been thrown out about dogs being unintelligent this paper proves how smart they are and how they are closely related to humans. The conclusion of this paper are to prove that there should be more research done to fully†¦show more content†¦By being extremely socialized with humans canines can detect certain emotions. In the past canine cognitive ability was believed to be insignificant. Recent research has disproven that canines are not intelligent, Research on canine cognition is being done in a wide variety of scientific disciplines, including ethology, evolutio nary anthropology, behavioral analytics, developmental psychology, and neuroscience (Bensky, 2013). The purpose of the article is to show the flaws within the perception of canine cognition. To date, there has been little effort to review and summarize what these numerous studies have taught us about canine cognition as a whole (Bensky, 2013). This article also explores the true abilities of canine cognition and how they can help advance our knowledge on other animal cognition. Through this article a few questions will have to be answered: †¢ How does canine cognition relate to humans? This is an important question to ask because recent research has shown how canine’s cognitive abilities relate to human cognition. †¢ How does canine cognition relate to other animal’s cognitive abilities? By answering this question one can see how animal cognition correlates. †¢ What research proves extensive canine cognition? Through answering this question one can see the true cognitive abilities of canines. Canines and their origination The study of canines has not always been so popular, the studying canine social cognition is a recently newShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   one third of teachers had either seriously considered leaving teaching or knew a colleague who left because of intolerable student behavior. (New York Times, November 27, 2005) When people take a vacation, do they really leave work behind? Data from a poll conducted by Travelocity led to the following estimates: Approximately 40% of travelers check work email while on vacation, about 33% take cell phones on vacation in order to stay connected with work, and about 25% bring a laptop

Are Ghosts Real or Not Free Essays

? Ghosts are real. First, the most important thing to know is that ghosts are just human beings not living in physical bodies. These are people just like you and me. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Ghosts Real or Not? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Like people everywhere, ghosts can be friendly, scary, smart, and stupid and everything in between, but they’re just people. Both skeptics and ardent believers in the paranormal admit that supernatural and unexplainable activity—sightings of ghost, spirit and/or aliens is on the rise. If there is no supernatural, what are these apparitions? Millions of eager viewers are gobbling up popular movies such as Ghost, Casper the Friendly Ghost, Beetle juice, Ghost Rider, and Ghost Busters. Video fantasy and arcade games featuring ghosts, skeletons, and mummies and beings alive after death are the rage. ? The most logical place to go to get the facts about supernatural things is the Bible. the one authority on things that cannot be seen or explained by natural earthly laws. And indeed, the Bible does indicate that paranormal activity and interest in the spirit world would increase at the very end of time. Even more alarmingly, the Bible warns that these spirits will lure multitudes into world wide deception. â€Å"And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet. For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty. † Revelation 16:13-14. With this in mind, how vital it is that we understand what the Bible says about ghosts, spirits, and the afterlife. ___________________ Bruce A. Moen, Voyage Beyond Doubt , (1996-2003) http://www. afterlife-knowledge. com/bnddoubt. html ? Ghosts are the mind’s way of interpreting how the body reacts to certain surroundings, say UK psychologists. A chill in the air, low-light conditions and even magnetic fields may trigger feelings that â€Å"a presence† is in a room – but that is all they are, feelings. This explanation of ghosts the result of a large study which researchers led hundreds of volunteers around two of the U. K’s supposedly most haunted locations – Hampton Court Palace, England, and the South Bridge Vaults in Edinburgh, Scotland. Dr Richard Wiseman, of the University of Hertfordshire, and his colleagues say their work has thrown up some interesting data to suggest why so many people can be spooked in the same building but provides no evidence that ghosts are real. Science accept it will never know everything about the universe. Science also accepts that without evidence there is no knowledge, only guesses. Ghosts might exist, so might Bigfoot, Nessie, and David Icke. We need evidence to demonstrate it, though. The possibility is not enough to warrant belief, as a whole bunch of things could be possible – science is the system of weeding out the actual from the possible. ____________________ ? http://www. bookrags. com/researchtopics/ghosts/sub7. html Lights turning off and on – likewise, these events are seldom seen actually occurring, but the lights are switched on or off when the experiencer knows they were not left that way. This can also happen with TVs, radios and other electrically powered items. Unexplained shadows – the sighting of fleeting shapes and shadows, usually seen out of the corner of the eye. This phenomenon has also been discussed in some detail in â€Å"Shadow People. † Strange animal behavior – a dog, cat or other pet behaves strangely. Dogs may bark at something unseen, cower without apparent reason or refuse to enter a room they normally do. Cats may seem to be â€Å"watching† something cross a room. Feelings of being watched – this is not an uncommon feeling and can be attributed to many things, but it could have a paranormal source if the feeling consistently occurs in a particular part of the house at a particular time. hearing a door open or close is one thing. Actually seeing it happen is quite another. Feelings of being touched – the feeling of being watched is one thing, and actually feeling like you are being touched is quite another. Some people feel something brush past them, something touching their hair or â€Å"a hand† on the shoulder. Cries and whispers – on occasion, muffled voices, whispering and crying can be heard. Sometimes it’s music from some unknown source. Cold or hot spots – cold spots are classic haunting symptoms, but any instance of a noticeable variance in temperature without a discernable cause could be evidence. Unexplained smells – the distinct fragrance of a perfume or cologne that you do not have in your house. Physical assault – scratches, slaps and hard shoves. This kind of personal assault is extremely rare, but obviously highly disturbing. Other physical evidence – unexplained writing on paper or walls; handprints and footprints. Apparitions – physical manifestation of a spirit or entity. How to cite Are Ghosts Real or Not?, Essay examples

The Global Pharmaceutical Industry free essay sample

The case describes the evolution of the pharmaceutical industry and its strategic environment. Attention is drawn to environmental pressures from regulators and payers. Key forces driving the industry are discussed, including addressing unmet medical needs, the importance of innovation and time to market, and globalisation. The case illustrates how an increasingly hostile environment, combined with a decline in Ramp;D productivity, led to waves of job losses, and sparked a fresh round of consolidation. On the global level, the historical supremacy of the US was challenged with the highest market growth rates recorded in the emerging markets. Q1. Identify the main environmental forces currently affecting the global pharmaceutical industry. It is expected that all aspects of the PESTEL analysis will be addressed. Illustrative points are given here, but this is by no means exhaustive. Political – Government’s focus on the industry as an easy target in the drive to reduce healthcare expenditure; public outcry over safely alerts and international price comparisons; and public pressure to fund cancer medicines. We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Pharmaceutical Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Economic – Pharmaceutical sales correlate closely with GDP – flattening in established markets and growth in emerging markets; the rise in the power of payers as decision-makers; in some countries patients are paying a greater proportion of drug costs themselves leading to increased linkage of sales and income levels; availability of venture and depth finance to support biotech innovation. Social – Aging population drive not only increases in healthcare costs but also increases in demand for medicines; pressure to act ethically rather than purely following profit; the number of better-informed patients with rising expectations; continued global convergence in medical practice and public acceptance of new technologies such as stem cells and genetic testing. Technological – Scientific and medical innovation; impact of information technology such as more well-informed patients and e-prescribing; shift towards more personalised healthcare. Environmental – Emphasis on sustainability by investors and employees. Legal – Increased regulatory focus on drug safety, industry sales and marketing practices; growth in liability claims particularly in the US. A key trend that students should highlight is the increased emphasis on cost-containment and value-for-money. Q2. Apply the Five-Forces framework and identify the importance of different environments forces affecting the global pharmaceutical industry. Students are expected to address all aspects of a five forces analysis, and discuss how these forces have changed over time. Illustrative points are given here, but this is by no means exhaustive. Threat of new entrants – The industry has historically had high barriers to entry, but these are dramatically lowered at patent expiry with generic entrants. Generic companies such as Teva and Dr Reddy’s are emerging as major global players with ambitions in the innovative sector. A greater focus on premium priced niche products for high unmet disease could facilitate entry by biotech companies. Power of buyers – Historically, buyers were highly fragmented medical practitioners, but now buying power is increasingly concentrated in a small number of payers with a major impact on market dynamics. Power of substitutes – Increased emphasis on generics being ‘good enough’ for common conditions and shrinking use of branded innovative drugs. Bio-similars will substitute for high priced biologics. Power of suppliers – Historically low, but declining Ramp;D productivity has increased the price tag on truly breakthrough licensing and acquisition opportunities. Competitive rivalry – Revelry within specific product classes has always been intense, and can be leveraged by payers to force competition on price; and increasing industry consolidation. It is important to acknowledge that the generic, OTC and vaccine sector are relatively mature, and the ethical pharmaceutical sector is arguably heading from growth towards shake-out, while the biotech sector is still under developed. Q3. Try to identify the strategic groups within the global ethical pharmaceutical industry? Describe the strategic choices made by Pfizer from 2008 onwards and comment on what may have been the drivers behind these choices. Based on the case, five broad types of industry players can be identified: ethical, generic, biotech, OTC and vaccine companies. Each requires very different strategic capabilities. Producers of branded prescription drugs require strong Ramp;D and global sales and marketing infrastructure. Generics companies focus on speed to market and manufacturing cost leadership. Biotech companies must create and defend intellectual property in specialised research fields, attract funding and make successful deals. Branded OTC drugs demand direct-to-consumer marketing capability. Many manufacturing companies operate in more than one of these sectors, and a strategic grouping can also be made on the basis of diversification versus focus. Highly diversified companies such as Johnsonamp;Johnson or Abbott also encompass completely different sectors such as consumer brands, medical devices or vetinerary products. Other leading companies are more narrowly diversified across conventional medicines, biologicals, vaccines and in some cases generics. The example of Pfizer illustrates the shift from a focus purely on conventional medicines to a wider strategy with the acquisition on Wyeth bringing a presence in biologics, vaccines and consumer health. A key driver here has been to reduce the reliance on a single blockbuster and establish a more stable, broad-based business.

Free Essays on Biodiversity

Is Biodiversity Overprotected.† David N. Laband and E.O. Wilson. 2001. Issue 2. This article covered both sides of the argument over protection of biodiversity. Laband supports the claim that biodiversity is in fact overprotected while Wilson argues that it is not. Laband’s major argument is that the cost of biodiversity protection is placed unfairly on landowners by those living in urban areas. Wilson explains that the two things that need to be done to help maintain biodiversity are to preserve â€Å"hotspots† as well as increase education in the media and social sciences in the area of conservation biology. The major strength was that the article covered two differing points of view which gave it balance. It was good to have more than one opinion. This though was also the biggest weakness because the two sides, while being different, did not speak directly too each other. Laband discussed unfair cost responsibility while Wilson talked about conservation in much broader terms such as education. I liked the reading because it highlighted the two things that I agree with as being the most important aspects of conservation. I agreed with parts of both arguments but would say that I agree with E.O. Wilson a bit more. I think this reading was assigned because it is a very good introduction to some of the fundamental issues that we face when we look at the issue of conservation of biodiversity. It showed how a lot of factors go into a certain issue and why its never a simple task of figuring out what is the best path to take.... Free Essays on Biodiversity Free Essays on Biodiversity Is Biodiversity Overprotected.† David N. Laband and E.O. Wilson. 2001. Issue 2. This article covered both sides of the argument over protection of biodiversity. Laband supports the claim that biodiversity is in fact overprotected while Wilson argues that it is not. Laband’s major argument is that the cost of biodiversity protection is placed unfairly on landowners by those living in urban areas. Wilson explains that the two things that need to be done to help maintain biodiversity are to preserve â€Å"hotspots† as well as increase education in the media and social sciences in the area of conservation biology. The major strength was that the article covered two differing points of view which gave it balance. It was good to have more than one opinion. This though was also the biggest weakness because the two sides, while being different, did not speak directly too each other. Laband discussed unfair cost responsibility while Wilson talked about conservation in much broader terms such as education. I liked the reading because it highlighted the two things that I agree with as being the most important aspects of conservation. I agreed with parts of both arguments but would say that I agree with E.O. Wilson a bit more. I think this reading was assigned because it is a very good introduction to some of the fundamental issues that we face when we look at the issue of conservation of biodiversity. It showed how a lot of factors go into a certain issue and why its never a simple task of figuring out what is the best path to take....

The Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations, often called just the Commonwealth, is an association of 53 independent nations, all but one of which are former British colonies or related dependencies. Although the British empire is mostly no more, these nations grouped together to use their history to promote peace, democracy and development. There are substantial economic ties and a shared history. List of Member Nations Origins of the Commonwealth Towards the end of the nineteenth century changes began occurring in the old British Empire, as the colonies grew in independence. In 1867 Canada became a ‘dominion’, a self-governing nation considered equal with Britain rather than simply ruled by her. The phrase ‘Commonwealth of Nations’ was used to describe the new relationships between Britain and colonies by Lord Rosebury during a speech in Australia in 1884. More dominions followed: Australia in 1900, New Zealand in 1907, South Africa in 1910 and the Irish Free State in 1921. In the aftermath of the First World War, the dominions sought a new definition of the relationship between themselves and Britain. At first the old ‘Conferences of Dominions’ and ‘Imperial Conferences’, begun in 1887 for discussion between the leaders of Britain and the dominions, were resurrected. Then, at the 1926 Conference, the Balfour Report was discussed, accepted and the following agreed of dominions: They are autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations. This declaration was made law by the 1931 Statute of Westminster and the British Commonwealth of Nations was created. Development of the Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth evolved in 1949 after the dependence of India, which was partitioned into two wholly independent nations: Pakistan and India. The latter wished to remain in the Commonwealth despite owing no â€Å"allegiance to the Crown†. The problem was solved by a conference of Commonwealth ministers that same year, which concluded that sovereign nations could still be a part of the Commonwealth with no implied allegiance to Britain as long as they saw the Crown as â€Å"the symbol of the free association† of the Commonwealth. The name ‘British’ was also dropped from the title to better reflect the new arrangement. Many other colonies soon developed into their own republics, joining the Commonwealth as they did so, especially during the second half of the twentieth century as African and Asian nations became independent. New ground was broken in 1995, when Mozambique joined, despite never having been a British colony. Not every former British colony joined the Commonwealth, nor did every nation who joined stay in it. For instance Ireland withdrew in 1949, as did South Africa (under Commonwealth pressure to curb apartheid) and Pakistan (in 1961 and 1972 respectively) although they later rejoined. Zimbabwe left in 2003, again under political pressure to reform. The Setting of Objectives The Commonwealth has a secretariat to oversee its business, but no formal constitution or international laws. It does, however, have an ethical and moral code, first expressed in the ‘Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles’, issued in 1971, by which members agree to operate, including aims of peace, democracy, liberty, equality and an end to racism and poverty. This was refined and expanded in the Harare Declaration of 1991 which is often considered to have â€Å"set the Commonwealth on a new course: that of promoting democracy and good governance, human rights and the rule of law, gender equality and sustainable economic and social development.† (cited from the Commonwealth website, page has since moved.) An action plan has since been produced to actively follow these declarations. Failure to adhere to these aims can, and has, resulted in a member being suspended, such as Pakistan from 1999 to 2004 and Fiji in 2006 after military coups. Alternative Aims Some early British supporters of the Commonwealth hoped for different results: that Britain would grow in political power by influencing the members, regaining the global position it had lost, that economic ties would strengthen the British economy and that the Commonwealth would promote British interests in world affairs. In reality, member states have proved reluctant to compromise their new found voice, instead working out how the Commonwealth could benefit them all. Commonwealth Games Perhaps the best known aspect of the Commonwealth is the Games, a sort of mini Olympics held every four years which only accepts entrants from Commonwealth countries. It has been derided, but is often recognised as a solid way to prepare young talent for international competition. Member Nations (with date of membership) Antigua and Barbuda 1981 Australia 1931 Bahamas 1973 Bangladesh 1972 Barbados 1966 Belize 1981 Botswana 1966 Brunei 1984 Cameroon 1995 Canada 1931 Cyprus 1961 Dominica 1978 Fiji 1971 (left in 1987; rejoined 1997) Gambia 1965 Ghana 1957 Grenada 1974 Guyana 1966 India 1947 Jamaica 1962 Kenya 1963 Kiribati 1979 Lesotho 1966 Malawi 1964 Maldives 1982 Malaysia (formerly Malaya) 1957 Malta 1964 Mauritius 1968 Mozambique 1995 Namibia 1990 Nauru 1968 New Zealand 1931 Nigeria 1960 Pakistan 1947 Papua New Guinea 1975 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1983 Saint Lucia 1979 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1979 Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) 1970 Seychelles 1976 Sierra Leone 1961 Singapore 1965 Solomon Islands 1978 South Africa 1931 (left in 1961; rejoined 1994) Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) 1948 Swaziland 1968 Tanzania 1961(As Tanganyika; became Tanzania in 1964 after union with Zanzibar) Tonga 1970 Trinidad and Tobago 1962 Tuvalu 1978 Uganda 1962 United Kingdom 1931 Vanuatu 1980 Zambia 1964 Zanzibar 1963 (United with Tanganyika to form Tanzania)

Logistics management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Logistics management - Essay Example The rapid growth of technology has significantly changed the social, economic, and political aspects of life. The immense impact of technological advancements has made enterprises to embrace technologies in ways that enhance their competitive advantage. It has become apparent to enterprises that their survival in the knowledge-based economy greatly depends on how they improve their technological capability. In particular regard to logistics, firms have realized the essence of developing adequate methodologies so as to successfully adopt new technologies in this field, as well as integrating logistics into their corporate strategy for gaining more competitive advantage (Waters, 2007, p. 76). Since the conception of computerization, Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) have assumed supporting role for functions of the organizations. In recent years, logistics has changed with the growth and adoption in the use of ICT systems such as GIS, Warehouse Management System, Transpor t Management System, and GPS among others. The use of these ICT systems has considerably improved the way companies manage their supply chains. Major ICT systems have impacted on each of the logistics component (Sauvage, 2003, p. 237). It is against this background that this paper will seek to evaluate the key components of Logistics Management and discuss the major ICT systems in each component of logistics. In addition, the paper will provide a critical analysis of benefits and challenges in adopting and applying the technology in logistics. Components of Logistics Management It is important to point out that components of logistics management are aimed at achieving the following: satisfying customers’ needs; product selection; monitoring quality of services and goods; dealing with logistics information accordingly; inventory management; and forecasting and procurement (Grant, 2006, p. 24). Mainly, there are eight components of logistics management. i) Customer Order Proces sing This component is designed to facilitate customer satisfaction. It involves flow of the following actions: filling of the order form; making decisions on the specifications of particular product; making decision on the quality check list of the product; deciding on the delivery schedule and deciding on the delivery location of the goods. The flow of actions is highly customer-focused and aims at meeting all the requirements of the customer. This component takes into consideration several important factors. Firstly, it takes into account the cost of order processing and ensures that this type of cost is appropriate for both the customer and the logistic firm. The second factor that is considered is whether the logistic firm has the capacity to produce the required component (Langley, 2006, p. 42). The third factor that is considered under this component is the detailed list of specifications; the company should ensure that the component being processed for customer has met all t he specifications required by the customer. The component of customer order processing has adopted and used ICT systems to make its operations effective and efficient. The major ICT systems that has been adopted and used in this component are Electronic Data Interchange, Web Portal, and E-ERP. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is an ICT system that facilitates structured transmission of data by electronic means between organizations (Sauvage, 2003, p. 240). Logistics companies have used

Aaron Douglas The Father of Black American Art Essay

Aaron Douglas The Father of Black American Art - Essay Example He was an artist who not only extended the boundaries drawn by previous painters, in favour of African writers but also created portrayals of the African-American experience that recognized its history in African heritage. His paintings never need words for they were those creations that speak themselves.Aaron Douglas, born in Topeka, Kansas on May 26, 1899 was a born artist since childhood and was lucky enough to be appreciated by his parents. Douglas graduated in arts from the University of Nebraska in 1922. In 1944, he felt an urge to teach what he learnt throughout his life so he graduated once again from Teachers College of Columbia University. After graduating, he taught in Kansas Art schools for a few years but then after realizing his true goal was not in teaching but in doing something that would contribute towards the black culture, he began to study with Winold Reiss, an illustrator who motivated to identify and contribute to his racial identity, Aaron Douglas, started ill ustrating advertisements for books and magazines like 'Nigger Heaven'. "Douglas' use of African design and subject matter in his work brought him to the attention of William Edward Burghardt, DuBois and Alain Locke who were pressing for young African-American artists to express their African heritage and African-American folk culture in their art. This was during the 'Harlem Renaissance' and Aaron Douglas became a leading visual artist during this time. In fact, he was called the "Dean of African-American painters" at a time when DuBois and others were trying desperately to convince painter Henry O. Tanner to return from Europe and establish a school of Negro painting". (Exhibition, 2006) "Douglas' work was published regularly in The Crisis. He also illustrated for Opportunity and Vanity Fair magazines. His most famous illustrations were for James Weldon Johnson's book of poetic sermons, God's Trombones. Alain Locke called him a "pioneering Africanist" and used his illustrations in his famous anthology, The New Negro, published in 1925 in which his classic essay "The Legacy of the Ancestral Arts" appeared". (Exhibition, 2006) "Douglas' talents allowed him to become a successful muralist. He was commissioned to do the murals for the 1920 opening in the Club Ebony in Harlem. In 1929, he travelled to Chicago to create a mural for the Sherman Hotel's College Inn Ballroom. At the end of 1930, Douglas created another mural for Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. James A. Porter wrote about Douglas in Modern Negro Art that "...most of his murals are based on themes from Negro history.... Douglas' mural style is the result of a rationalization of form. He has adopted a formula for Negro physical characteristics which depends on two effects of design: elongation and angularization.... his Negro forms appear to be linked with a context of primitive dance patterns"." (Artnoirs Art History, 2006) Later Douglas acquired the opportunity to share and further expand his talents of painting and sculpture by visiting Paris. "On his return to the United States in 1928, Douglas became the first president of the Harlem A rtists Guild. The Guild was successful in helping to get African-American artists the necessary acceptance into the arts project under the U.S. Government's Works Progress Administration (WPA)". (Artnoirs Art History, 2006) "Douglas joined the faculty of Fisk University in 1937 and stayed there until his retirement in 1966. His artistic insight is a lasting influence and a testament to the themes of African heritage and racial pride". (Exhibition, 20

Leonardo Da Vinci Essay -- Art, The Mona Lisa

â€Å"Artist, inventor, and scientist Leonardo Da Vinci was one of the greatest thinkers of the Renaissance.† (Stewarts 19) Often referred to as the â€Å"Renaissance Man†, Leonardo Da Vinci was a true genius (Stewarts 19). On April 15, 1452, Leonardo Da Vinci was born in Vinci, Italy, and the world was never the same (Leonardo Renaissance  ¶ 1). His mother moved away shortly after, leaving Leonardo Da Vinci’s father, Ser Piero Da Vinci (Rosand 228), to raise him (Leonardo Renaissance  ¶ 1). Growing up on a family farm, Leonardo could easily study nature (Leonardo Reviewed  ¶ 3). Leonardo Da Vinci developed a vast amount of interests during his extraordinary life. At the age of 15, Leonardo Da Vinci began to apprentice an artist named Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence, Italy (Leonardo Renaissance  ¶ 2). This apprenticeship allowed Da Vinci to study the basics of sculpting and painting (Stewart 19). Although at a young age, Leonardo Da Vinci began to show signs of incredible talent (Leonardo Renaissance  ¶ 2). In fact, Andrea del Verrocchio permitted him paint an angel in his painting, the Baptism of Christ (Stewart 19). When Verrocchio realized Da Vinci’s angel was much more life-like than his own, Andrea del Verrocchio vowed never to paint again (Stewart 19). While Da Vinci was in Florence, several Scopeto monks requested that he paint an altarpiece called the â€Å"Adoration of the Kings† (Leonardo Reviewed  ¶ 5). However, Leonardo Da Vinci stopped working on this piece in 1481, leaving it incomplete (Leonardo Reviewed  ¶ 5). In 1482, Leonardo Da Vinci made the move to Milan to work for the Duke of Milan (Leonardo Reviewed  ¶ 6). He carried out a variety of tasks while working in Milan, including paintings, designing costumes, and working on vario... ...controlled the human body (Summers  ¶ 18). Another area of science Leonardo Da Vinci exhibited interest in was mechanics (Summers  ¶ 16). He produced designs for ideas such as parachutes, aircrafts, helicopters, and a flying machine (Summers  ¶ 16). Also, he designed assorted war machines, including tanks and machine guns, and movable bridges since he also worked as an engineer and military architect (Summers  ¶ 16). In 1513, the King of France, King Francis I, invited Leonardo to come to Paris and granted him with the title â€Å"Master of All Arts and Sciences† (Stewart 21).For six years, he lived and worked in France (Encyclopedia  ¶ 1). He died in France in 1519 (Stewart 21). Leonardo Da Vinci truly was â€Å"the most versatile genius of the Renaissance.† (Rosand 228) His accomplishments are still used in modern day and will always have a lasting impression on the world.

Coca Cola Vending Machines Case Study

Coca Cola a Vending Machine Case Study Problem Statement: Coca Cola Co. , the world’s largest beverage company is facing a public relation nightmare which can ultimately put their brand image at stake. Their Chairman and CEO, Ivan Ivester, abruptly announced the introduction of interactive vending technology which will lower the price of coke during off-peak buying time and increase the price during very hot weather conditions, Ivester virtually confirmed the vending machines will be introduced to the market soon.The core problem is not if the vending machine should be brought to market but WHEN and what the public relations/marketing strategy should be in the midst of the current media scrutiny to rebuild loyalty with avid coke drinkers and Coke’s image. Critical Factors: Increasing the vending machine profit, which has been the main profit resource for the company, serves the purpose of the new technology. Sales of soft drinks are on the rise. Last year, about 11. 9 % of soft drinks world- wide derived from vending machines. Intelligent vending has already begun in Japan using the same technology.Taking full advantage of the law of supply and demand, price fluctuations occur all the time in several industries such as the airline and movie industries and are not new to the general public. It often occurs when the supply for any product is high and the demand is low; basic economics. Price discrimination also can occur demographically or geographically and is hard to eliminate from a customer’s mind once disclosed in a negative light ultimately setting the stage to lose customers to Coke’s #1 competitor, PepsiCo. Additionally, their brand image is at stake.Ivester's statements regarding the new technology was disclosed too soon and the response from the public relations team was not sufficient to the loyal coke drinkers and the media, spurring several negative articles and backlash from their customers. Strategic Alternatives: Option A. Eliminate any option of introducing the interactive vending machines to the public in the near future and create a new public relations and marketing strategy focusing on Coke's loyalty to its customers to include re-establishing the value of drinking coke during extreme hot and cold temperatures.Option B. Proceed with a plan to implement the intelligent vending machines at a later date than plan originally plan, while working to develop a new public relations and marketing strategy to curtail the current media damage, focusing on Coke's loyalty to its customers and re-establish the value of drinking coke during any weather conditions. Evaluation of Alternatives: Option A: ?Pros: Build trust with consumers; on same level with competitors regarding technology. Cons: This strategy does not coincide with the company’s marking plan to pump more sales of the flagship coke into the market, most likely utilizing the heat sensitive vending machine as one of the core tactics to in crease revenues. Option B: ?Pros: Technology availability and costs to implement the new vending machines is inexpensive due to falling prices of the temperature sensors and computer chips; ? Internet connectivity associated with the technology makes it very easy to track daily and hourly demand based on fluctuations thus making it easy to determine the price point offered in any region; ?The new public relations and marketing campaign will slowly educate the consumer of the inevitable; ? Increase profitability during the peak season due to lower costs compared to competitors. ?Cons: Run the risk of losing loyal customers due to the price gaps urging many consumers to search for lower price from the competitor’s vending machine; ? Largest competitor, PepsiCo announced they have did not have any plans to introduce the new technology Recommendation: Option B Corrective measures must take place to implement a strategy of price changes.Coke must improve their public image with a well executed public relations and marketing strategy. Justification: As a consumer, I am not sure why corporations continue to insult our intelligence. If a product is in the testing stage, then it is just a matter of time before the new technology, (if worthy) is introduced to the market. R in this case, serves the sole purpose of creating new technology in order to maximize efficiency and costs, thus increasing profits. And, quite frankly there is nothing wrong with a company trying to maximize profits.Vending machines have remained largely untouched by discounting and although the machines can automatically raise prices for its drinks in hot weather, in my opinion not too many consumers would notice. Coca Cola Co. can also be the first in the SDC market to introduce new innovation that will be able to effectively gauge the buying interests of their customer by the touch of a button. This technology will help to predict sale revenues and take the guesswork out of customersâ€℠¢ wants and needs.It will also allow Coca Cola Co, to always stay ahead of the competition and remained the leader in the industry. Additionally, price discrimination exists everywhere, across all industries and the new technology will connote increased efficiency for the entire SDC market. The public relations and marketing campaign will help to educate and prepare the average consumer of the inevitable introduction of heat sensitive vending machines. The goal in mind for the campaign is to continue to establish Coke as the number one thirst quencher regardless of the weather.

Biography of Abraham Lincoln - 2539 Words

On February 12, 1809 Thomas and Nancy Lincoln welcomed their first son, Abraham, into the world. Abraham was named after his grandfather who was killed by Indians in 1786 near Nolin Creek in Hardin County, Kentucky. (Stone 8) Young Abraham spent the first few years in Nolin Creek but by the age of two his father, in search of better farming land, moved them a few miles away to Knob Creek. Lincoln’s family was against slavery even though at one time his family had owned slaves. They gave up that practice before Lincoln was born and his family even left their church to join one that supported antislavery. When young Abraham was old enough, he began helping his father with all the farm work and he too shared in the belief that owning slaves was wrong. Lincoln’s mother, even though illiterate, believed that her children needed and education so she would recite scriptures she had committed to memory to them daily and she encouraged them to attend school whenever possible. Abraham was eager to learn, so when his chores were finished he and his sister, Sarah, would walk over two miles to attend school. In 1816, at the age of 7, Abraham and his family moved again and this time they moved to the free state of Indiana where land was cheap and slavery was not allowed. (Stone 10) It was here that Abraham’s mother became ill from milk sickness and later died at the age of 34. 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